Wave Equation Prestack Depth Migration for Improved Land Seismic Exploration
Prestack depth migration (PSDM) is widely viewed as a technology which only applies under Gulf of Mexico salt or in extremely complicated geology. To the contrary, nearly every basin exhibits lateral velocity variations, causing time sags and other focusing effects which challenge the assumptions behind time migration (PSTM).
In theory, PSDM should always "beat" PSTM, but traditionally, PSDM has over-promised and under-delivered. We argue that the gap between theory and practice is proportional to the effort put into depth velocity estimation. In this talk, we demonstrate that by running multiple iterations of dense wave equation migration (WEM) focusing analysis and full volume WEM angle gather update, we can measure complex velocity variations that are the key to successful depth imaging.
The presented technology is applied to onshore examples from the Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent.